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Retouched collections – Foto-Carvalho – Portrait, a Retoucher and Local Identity
Exploring the history of the Foto-Carvalho studio (Estremoz) and the invisible role of retoucher D. Esmeralda. Through the negatives, we uncover the technical gestures that shaped photographic images and local identity in early 20th-century Portugal.


Retouched collections – Seeing the Invisible
A proposal for a new reading of photographic negatives as cultural objects. Based on six Portuguese collections, it explores the role of manual retouching in image-making, highlighting the material, technical, and symbolic value of negatives in studio, scientific, and amateur photography of the 20th century.