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Truth and Vanity

This research focuses on the practice of retouching of dry plate photographic negatives in Portugal in the first half of the 20th century. Through the analysis of technical manuals, historical examples and photographic collections, it is demonstrated that retouching was an integral part of the photographic process, reflecting technical, aesthetic and cultural values. The research identifies materials, techniques and intentions, highlighting the importance of their preservation in the context of photographic conservation and the valorization of the negative as a cultural object.

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Scientific production associated with this project:

PhD Thesis

Pereira, C. (2022) “Truth and vanity: the retouching techniques on dry plate negatives of Portuguese collections of the first half of the twentieth century”, Escola das Artes, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/39634

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Exhibition

30 Set – 2 Dez 2018 Memória Recapturada – O estúdio Foto-Carvalho (1936-2000)

Org. Catarina Pereira, Estúdios Correia com a colaboração da Câmara Municipal de Estremoz e o Palácio dos Marqueses de Praia e Monforte, Estremoz.

http://artes.porto.ucp.pt/pt/central-noticias/exposicao-fotografia-memoria-recapturada ; http://www.cm-estremoz.pt/noticias/exposicao-de-fotografia-memoria-recapturada-em-estremoz

 

Conference

14 Set 2018 - Limpeza de fundos e colecções de negativos fotográficos. Limpar para quê?

Co-organizado pelo CITAR, Escola das Artes da Universidade Católica Portuguesa e o CPF - Centro Português de Fotografia, Porto http://artes.porto.ucp.pt/node/17871

Texts in peer-reviewed journals

Pereira, C. & Castro L. (2019) “Memória Recapturada: Imagens de uma comunidade”. ArtisON, 9, 125-139, 

http://artison.letras.ulisboa.pt/index.php/ao/article/view/245

 

Pereira, C & Castro L. (2016-2017) “Retouching glass plates negatives - What do old manuals say” ECR, 8, 59-70,

https://doi.org/10.7559/ecr.8.14226http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/26271

 

Pereira, C., et al (2017) “Retouching Scientific Photography – The Glass Plate Negatives Collection at the Natural History and Science Museum – University of Porto” , Ge-conservación, 1, n. 12, 101-110, ISSN 1989-8568

https://ge-iic.com/ojs/index.php/revista/article/view/540http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/24082

Full articles in books

Pereira, C., et al (2022) “Retocar la tercera dimensión. El archivo de negativos estereoscópicos de Aurélio da Paz dos Reis” in HERNÁNDEZ LATAS, José Antonio (Dir. & ed). III Jornadas Sobre Investigación en Historia de la Fotografía. La fotografía estereoscópica o en 3D, siglos XIX y XX, Institución Fernando el Católico (CSIC), Zaragoza, https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/39/36/20cortes.pdf

 

Pereira, C., et al (2019) “Digitizing collections - A reflection on negative archive collections, prioritizing procedures and what is lost,” in Topics in Photographic Preservation, 2019 ICOM-CC PMWG & PMG joint meeting in New York, Vol 18, https://resources.culturalheritage.org/pmg-topics/2019-volume-eighteen/

 

Pereira, C. (2016) “Materials and techniques for retouching glass plate photographic negatives at the beginning of the 20th century”, International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage - RECH3: Postprints, 65-72, 

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/23495

 

Oral presentations

  • 4 Nov 2021 “When retouching was an artist’s profession in photography.”  6th International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage, organized by RECH Group and Valencia Polytechnic University, http://rechgroup.pt/rech6.html (online) 

  • 18 Jun 2021 “Retouching the third dimension – The Aurélio da Paz dos Reis stereoscopic negatives archive.” (2nd edition), 4th International Conference – Stereoscopic and Immersive Media – Photography, Sound and Cinema Research, Organized by Early Visual Media Lab, CICANT, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal, https://stereoimmersivemedia.ulusofona.pt/ (online)

  • 16-Jun 2021 “Photography beyond two dimensions – Exhibition and re-valuation of materiality.”, 2021 AIC/SPNHC Joint Virtual Annual Meeting, USA, https://www.culturalheritage.org/events/annual-meeting/current-meeting (online)

  • Nov 2019 “Retouching the third dimension – The Aurélio da Paz dos Reis stereoscopic negatives archive.” (1ª edition), III Conference on Research in History of Photography: Stereoscopic or 3D photography, 19th and 20th centuries, organized by Institución Fernando el Católico, Zaragoza, Espanha, 

  • Fev 2019 “Digitizing collections - A reflection on negative archive collections, prioritizing procedures and what is lost.”, 2019 ICOM-CC PMWG & PMG joint meeting in New York, USA,

  • 19-20 Out 2018 “Reflections on the digitization of photographic negative collections and the loss of «aura»”, 2º Meeting on Documentation and Digital Representation of Cultural Objects (DRD-BC), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto.

  • 27-29 Set 2018 “Identification of retouching varnishes in glass and gelatin negatives from the Alvão studio portrait collection – Development of analytical methodology”, II Colloquiumon  Investigations in Heritage Conservation, Fac.de Belas Artes da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, 

  • 14 Set 2018 “Retouching Gelatin and Silver Negatives on Glass, from Portuguese Photographic Collections”,  Meeting Cleaning of backgrounds and photographic negative collections. Clean. For what? Co-organized by CITAR, Escola das Artes da Universidade Católica Portuguesa and CPF - Centro Português de Fotografia, Porto.

  • 17-19 Mai2018 “Memory recaptured in a small community: Preserving retouched photographic negatives, discussing visual culture” International Multidisciplinary Congress - Web of Knowledge: A look into the Past, embracing the Future, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal

  • 2-3 Mai2016 “Retouching glass negatives – What the manuals say”, Doctoral Days, Escola das Artes, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto.         

 

Posters

  • Pereira C., et al “O Retoque de Negativos Fotográficos de Gelatina e Prata Sobre Vidro em Colecções Portuguesas” Encontro Ciência ’17, Lisboa, 3-5 Jul 2017

  • Pereira C., et al “O retoque na fotografia científica – a colecção de negativos de vidro do Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto (MHNC-UP)” I Colloquio Investigações em Conservação do Património, Lisboa, 29-30 Set 2016 http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/23213

Sobre

Acknowledgements

None of this work would have been possible without the help and kindness of many. There is a long list of people who have contributed in different ways, providing access, guidance, knowledge, sharing their time with me, discussing the subject with me, defending different, sometimes opposing, points of view, and developing it further.

With the certainty that the list is incomplete, I would like to thank the following people:

Laura Castro; Carolina Barata; Margarita San Andrés; Vânia Fernandes; Paulo Correia; Natalino João Salvado Guilherme; Maria Luisa Pinto de Carvalho Guilherme; Olímpio Ferreira; Esmeralda Cavaco; Bernardino Castro; Ilda Zabumba; Aida Ferreira; Sônia Basto; Joana Gomes; Ângela Carvalho; Carla Barros; Sara Ferreira; Ruth Chércoles Asensio; José Manuel de la Roja; Eduardo Navarro Manteca; Beatriz de los Reyes; Marta Pérez-Estébanez; Águeda Sáenz Martínez; Luís Castelo; Luís Pavão; Inês Viegas; Cláudia Damas; Antônio César Ferreira; Cristina Gonçalves Santos; Paulo Baptista; Carlos Teixidor; Teresa Jiménz-Landi; Rosário López; Diogo Vivas; Paulo Baptista; José Manoel Martins Ferreira; Mia Fineman; Nora Kennedy; Elsa Thyss; Diana Dias; Elspeth Jordan and Mark Osterman.

 

Thank you for giving me your time and help.

 

Special thanks to:

Portuguese Center of Photography, Correia Studios, Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Porto, School of Arts, Catholic University of Portugal, Photographic Archive of the Lisbon City Council, and LUPA.

This research was made possible with the support of the Portuguese institution FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology and the doctoral scholarship: SFRH/BD/116315/2016.

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